Japan's 72 Microseasons - The Koyomi Year in Review
72 microseasons in 72 songs (Part 1)
Happy New Year! That is, at least, according to lunar calendars like the Koyomi1. We just wrapped up a full year of microseasons posts, and I wanted to take a look back at the kō we’ve covered so far. However, writing about all 72 in one post would probably keep us here until well into next year.
One way that modern Japan celebrates the end of the year is the New Year’s Eve television program Kōhaku Uta Gassen (紅白歌合戦), a big battle of the bands that airs December 31st on the national broadcaster NHK. Each year, noteworthy musical groups face off split into a Red Team and White Team2 (girls versus boys). Since poetry recitals and song have long been a common way in Japan to celebrate the microseasons and other seasonal events, it seemed fitting to connect these old observances to modern music.
So, with apologies to
, here’s a song for each microseason we’ve covered. From the kigo in haiku to modern melodies, the acknowledgement and awareness of nature’s shifting seasons and its various signs is deeply ingrained in Japanese culture, which necessarily includes pop culture. After all, the Kurashi no Koyomi was made for the masses.
These were selected via the rigorously researched and highly scientific process of “finding songs that I think sound good with matching words or themes to the kō.”3 For fun, I’ve also noted whether they’d be on the Red Team or White Team4, so feel free to vote in the comments on which you think deserves the win (this may wind up horribly unbalanced, but then again, so is NHK’s programme usually).
I’ve made a Spotify playlist of all the songs, if you’re seeking a soundtrack to your own late New Years party that will be very difficult to explain to guest or would simply like to come back to listen as you read through each kō coming up this year.
This will be split into two separate posts, mainly because I realized it was taking me longer than expected to put this all together. I’ve gotten distracted more than once discovering a lot of fun, new music. It’s shaping up into a very interesting cross-section of genres and artists, so I hope you enjoy it and maybe find something new.
(Note: the amount of embedded links and overall length might not play well with your email inbox, so this might be best viewed on the Substack website)
Without further ado: the 72 Microseasons In Song, Part One
第一候 東風解凍
Kō 1: "Spring Winds Melt The Ice"
Song: “Wa (Peace)” by 10-FEET, 2022
白（White Team）
第二候 黄鶯睍睆
Kō 2: "In Mountain Villages, Bush Warblers Begin To Sing"
Song: “Uguisu (Bush Warbler)” by SUNEOHAIR, 2003
白（White Team）
第三候 魚上氷
Kō 3: "Fish Emerge Through Thinning Ice"
Song: “PROJECTION” by SHIN DENSHI DENSHI and Neji-shiki, 2023
白（White Team）
第四候 土脉潤起
Kō 4: "Falling Rain Awakens The Soil"
Song: “Dārin, Matte (Darling, Wait)” by YUKI, 2018
紅（Red Team）
第五候 霞始靆
Kō 5: "Spring's First Haze Lingers"
Song: “Kasunda Fuyu No Mukō Ni (On The Other Side of A Hazy Winter)” by Kagrra,, 2007
白（White Team）
第六候 草木萌動
Kō 6: "Grass Sprouts, Trees Bud"
Song: “Hitohira no Mirai (The Future of One Leaf)” by Machita Chima, 2023
紅（Red Team）
第七候 蟄虫啓戸
Kō 7: "Hibernating Insects Open Their Doors"
Song: “Chloranthus” by THE TREES, 2021
紅（Red Team）
第八候 桃始笑
Kō 8: "Peach Blossoms First Bloom"
Song: “Momo no Hanabira (Peach Blossom Petals)” by Ai Otsuka, 2003
紅（Red Team）
第九候 菜虫化蝶
Kō 9: "Caterpillars Become Butterflies"
Song: “Chōchō ni Natte (We’ll Be Butterflies)” by Daoko, 2018
紅（Red Team）
第十候 雀始巣
Kō 10: "Sparrows Build Their Nests"
Song: “Tokai no Suzume (City Sparrow)” by Aya Shimazu, 1999
紅（Red Team）
第十一候 桜始開
Kō 11: "Cherry Blossoms Open"
Song: “SAKURA Drops” by Hikaru Utada, 20025
宇多田（Utada Team）6
第十二候 雷乃発声
Kō 12: "The Voice of Thunder Speaks"
Song: “Shunrai (Spring Thunder)” by Fukinotou, 1979
白（White Team）
第十三候 玄鳥至
Kō 13: "Swallows Settle In"
Song: “Tsubame (Swallows)” by YOASOBI (feat. Midories), 2021
紅（Red Team）
第十四候 鴻鴈北
Kō 14: "Wild Geese Return North"
Song: “Tōigan (Far-Off Geese)” by Guniw Tools, 1998
白（White Team）
第十五候 虹始見
Kō 15: "Rainbows Start To Appear"
Song: “Haru no Niji (Spring Rainbow)” by Shin Rizumu, 2017
白（White Team）
第十六候 葭始生
Kō 16: "Fresh Reeds First Surface"
Song: “Sōshunfu (Ode to Early Spring)”7 by Hitomi Shimatani, 2012
紅（Red Team）
第十七候 霜止出苗
Kō 17: "Frost Recedes, Rice Grows"
Song: “Nae (Seedling)” by BEGIN, 2016
白（White Team）
第十八候 牡丹華
Kō 18: "Tree Peonies Bloom"
Song: “Botan (The Tree Peony)” by Dew, 2008
紅（Red Team）
第十九候 蛙始鳴
Kō 19: "Frog Song Starts"
Song: “Kaeru (Frogs)” by Pink Ribbon Army, 2005
白（White Team）
第二十候 蚯蚓出
Kō 20: "Earthworms Emerge"
Song: “Mimizu no Rekishi (History of the Worms)” by RADWIMPS, 2022
白（White Team）
第二十一候 竹笋生
Kō 21: "Bamboo Shoots Sprout"
Song: “takenoko (bamboo shoots)” by Michiru Aoyama, 2021
白（White Team）
第二十二候 蚕起食桑
Kō 22: "Waking Silkworms Eat Mulberry Leaves"
Song: “Niji wo Koete (Over the Rainbow)” by SPITZ, 1996
白（White Team）
第二十三候 紅花栄
Kō 23: "Safflower Fields Flourish"
Song: “Furusato Kahoku (Kahuko, My Home)” by Itsuro Ōizumi, 2011
白（White Team）
第二十四候 麦秋至
Kō 24: "Ripened Grains Are Harvested"
Song: “Origami to Hyakkei (Origami and 100 Famous Views)” by After the Rain, 2023
白（White Team）
第二十五候 蟷螂生
Kō 25: "Praying Mantises Hatch"
Song: “Chichai Kamakiri (Tiny Mantis)” by BANSHIMOKU , 2022
紅（Red Team）
第二十六候 腐草為蛍
Kō 26: "Dying Grass Begets Fireflies"
Song: “Hotaru no Hikaru (Light of the Firefly)”8 by RYUSENKEI, 2022
白（White Team）
第二十七候 梅子黄
Kō 27: "Plums Yellow And Ripen"
Song: “Ume no Mi no Uta (Plum Fruit Song)” by Ichiro Araki, 1966
白（White Team）
第二十八候 乃東枯
Kō 28: "The Heal-All Plant Withers"
Song: “Kaze Gusuri (Cold Remedy)” by Higuchi Ai, 2018
紅（Red Team）
第二十九候 菖蒲華
Kō 29: "Violet Irises Flourish"
Song: “Ayame-iro No Natsu Ni (In The Violet-Colored Summer)” by Yoshino Aoyama, 2022
紅（Red Team）
第三十候 半夏生
Kō 30: "Crow-Dipper Plants Grow"
Song: “Hangeshō (The Last Day to Sow Seeds)” by Nazca, 2022
紅（Red Team）
第三十一候 温風至
Kō 31: "Warming Winds Blow"
Song: “Konna Fū Ni Hidoku Mushiatsui Hi (Terribly Muggy Days Like This)” by Mr.Children, 2004
白（White Team）
第三十二候 蓮始開
Kō 32: "Sacred Lotuses Unfurl Their Petals"
Song: “Guren-hana (Crimson Lotus Flower)” by LiSA9, 2020
紅（Red Team）
第三十三候 鷹乃学習
Kō 33: "Hawks Learn How To Fly"
Song: “Oyako-daka (Father and Daughter Hawk)” by Fumiko Utagawa, 1998
紅（Red Team）
第三十四候 桐始結花
Kō 34: "Paulownia Trees Seed Promises"
Song: “Kiri no Hana (Paulownia Flower)” by Masashi Sada, 2004
白（White Team）
第三十五候 土潤溽暑
Kō 35: "Soil Moistens, Humidity Fills The Air"
Song: “Shochū Omimai Mōshiagemasu (Midsummer Greetings)” by Ai Kawashima, 2007
紅（Red Team）
第三十六候 大雨時行
Kō 36: "Heavy Rains Fall Suddenly"
Song: “Yūdachi (Evening Showers)” by n-buna, 2014
白（White Team）
And that’s halfway! 36 out of 72, spring and summer.
For the moment, I need to go finish writing up our new post for Kō 1 before the microseason’s over. You can expect that in your inbox next, then hopefully the rest of the playlist soon.
See you next kō~
[Images & info by kurashikata.com, kurashi-no-hotorisya.jp, 543life.com, and Wikipedia except where otherwise noted]
While not as big in Japan these days, the Lunar New Year is still very much celebrated in mainland and Southeast Asia, as well as the global Asian diaspora—for 2024 it will be officially celebrated on Saturday, February 10th
Kōhaku (紅白) literally means “red and white,” which are Japan’s main celebratory colors for auspicious occasions but also the main colors used for competing teams—this is said to derive from a famous 12th century civil war between the Taira and Minamoto clans, whose standards bore these opposing colors
Also, if we want to split hairs (and if you’re here with me in the footnotes I assume you do), 紅 is not so much “red” as it is “vermillion,” a more orangey tone most commonly seen as the painting for torii shrine gates
Japan color history could make for an interesting newsletter…
This would’ve been an extremely laborious process without the website Mojim, which allows for searching for Japanese song titles and lyrics by keyword
NHK’s criteria are simply: whether the group is led by a male or female vocalist
There are approximately ten million Japanese songs about sakura, but I picked this one due to the flagrant personal bias that is my longtime appreciation for Hikaru Utada
Utada has publicly spoken about being nonbinary and thus uncomfortable with strict labeling into a specific gender role—feel free to count them towards whichever team you like better and think should win
(And of course if anyone is aware about similar statements by the other artists here, feel free to let me know!)
First written in 1913, 早春賦 (“Ode to Early Spring”) is a staple of classic Japanese music and included in the “100 Song Selection” created by the country’s national PTA as a recommendation to schools for students to sing, and often appears in NHK’s daily radio programme みんなのうた (“Songs For Everyone”)
There’s no end of covers for it, so I chose one that I liked and fit the playlist well
If, listening to this, you thought “wait isn’t that Auld Lang Syne?” you’d be half-right! In Japan, the familiar New Year’s tune was given its own set of wholly different lyrics, which were created as a children’s song but gradually came back around to being sung during New Year’s in Japan as well
Given this is technically a New Year’s post, I thought it only appropriate to include this very nice version by modern “city pop” producer Cunimondo Takiguchi
Some of you may have seen this coming, but what else could I possibly choose?